LUNG CANCER Essays - Cancer, Clinical Medicine, Lung Cancer, Health

LUNG CANCER WHAT IS LUNG CANCER? Lung disease is the uncontrolled development of strange cells in the lung. Ordinary lung tissue is comprised of cells that are modified commonly to make lungs of a specific shape and capacity. Now and again the directions to a phone go haywire and that phone and its posterity repeat uncontrollably, without respect for the shape and capacity of a lung. That wild proliferation can frame tumors that obstruct the lung and make it quit working as it should. In view of the enormous size of the lungs, malignancy may develop for a long time, undetected, without causing doubt. Truth be told, lung disease can spread outside the lungs without creating any indications whatsoever. Most of individuals who get lung malignant growth have been cigarette smokers, yet not all individuals who smoke get lung disease, numerous individuals who have never smoked despite everything get it. A few reasons for lung malignant growth can incorporate smoking, air contamination, nutrient A lack or hereditary elements. Manifestations OF LUNG CANCER Here are a few manifestations of lung malignant growth - A hack is one of the more typical manifestations and is probably going to happen when a tumor develops and hinders an air entry. - Chest, shoulder, or back agony is another. - Shortness of breath, weariness, rehashed pneumonia or bronchitis, hacking up blood or growing of the neck and face. The chart beneath gives some more indications and the recurrence of each. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LUNG CANCER The sort of cells found in a tumor decides the sort of malignant growth. The two primary sorts of lung disease are little cell and non-little cell. The term's little cell and non-little cell allude to the sort of cell a specialist can see under the magnifying lens, not to the size of the tumor. There are in excess of twelve various types of lung malignancy. Little cell carcinoma (additionally called oat cell carcinoma) This malignant growth for the most part begins in one of the bigger breathing cylinders, develops decently quickly, and is probably going to be enormous when of determination. Non little cell lung malignant growth: is comprised of the accompanying three subtypes: - Epidermoid carcinoma This malignant growth normally begins in one of the bigger breathing cylinders and develops moderately gradually. The size of these tumors can extend from extremely little to very enormous. - Adenocarcinoma carcinoma This lung disease begins becoming close to the outside surface of the lung and may fluctuate in both size and development rate. Some gradually developing adenocarcinomas are call alveolar cell malignant growth. - Large cell carcinoma Starts close to the outside of the lung, develops quickly, and is generally huge when analyzed. The names of a portion of the unprecedented sorts of lung disease are carcinoid, cylindroma, mucoepidermoid, and threatening mesothelioma. Just about 5% to 10% of lung malignancies are of these sorts. WHO GETS LUNG CANCER Studies show that individuals living in the United Kingdom have the most elevated danger of creating lung malignant growth the explanation being is that the UK is an extremely industrialized nation. Individuals at the most noteworthy danger of getting lung malignancy include: - Those living in a Westernized society. - Those who smoke. - Those who are 60 or over. - Those who live in a urban domain. TREATMENT Treatment for non-little cell malignant growth is generally medical procedure. The main occasions when an activity won't be valuable is if: 1. The malignancy has spread outside the chest. 2. In the event that the malignancy is pushing on the significant aviation routes of the chest. 3. In the event that the malignant growth is attacking the trachea. 4. In the event that the malignant growth is attacking the heart or significant veins. 5. In the event that there is liquid around the lung. 6. Or on the other hand if there is loss of voice. Treatment of little cell lung disease can be chemotherapy, radiotherapy, medical procedure or immunotherapy. Right now numerous researchers are attempting to locate an increasingly solid procedure in relieving lung malignant growth.

Multicultural Counseling Critique Essay -- Counseling

Multicultural Counseling Critique: Counseling Utilization by Ethnic Minority College Students In spite of the fact that the act of directing has advanced extensively since its origin, the idea of multicultural skill stays novel. Charmed in the lives of each clinician are underlined predispositions and biases that go about as channels in which each communication with a customers is influenced. Momentum explore on the subject of multicultural advising has indicated that albeit multicultural mindfulness is on the ascent there is as yet a momentous hole in inquire about with respect to the utilization of directing help and results for racial and ethnic minorities (Kerney,Draper, and Baron, 2005). Bits of knowledge, for example, these have urged scientists to examine multicultural guiding, on a wide range of levels of conveyance. One such level is that of the college advising focus setting. Kerney, Draper, and Baron (2005) recommend that so as to address the requirement for look into on the adequacy of treatment for minorities, one must analyze the present viability of treatment o n college grounds and the corresponding use of guiding administrations by racial and ethnic minorities. So as to do this the specialists analyzed the distinctions among African American, Asian American, Latino, and Caucasian understudies in treatment participation after admission, and the seriousness of pain at both admission and last meeting (Kerney,Draper, and Baron, 2005). The ebb and flow paper will evaluate the examination led by Kerney, Draper, and Baron, so as to increase further mindfulness into multicultural skilled techniques for working with ethnic and racial minorities. The ebb and flow explore tended to the issue of ethnic and racial minorities’ usage of guiding administrations in a college setting... ...nd racial minorities, an expanded measure of consideration ought to be centered around normalizing guiding for ethnic and racial minority understudies. In doing so the shame of directing might be diminished and expanded utilization of administrations may happen. Endless supply of the present writing concerning multicultural advising, it has become apparent that an equipped guide is an individual both mindful of his way of life, and dually mindful of his client’s social perspective. So as to be a guide who is skillful in his art, a comprehension of different societies should initially be practiced, and coordinated as a major aspect of an advising methodology that is both adaptable and ready to suit customer worries in whatever way they show. This consolidation is urgent in turning into an all the more socially mindful and delicate advisor, and is a segment worth incorporating into training.

Work and Study

Work and Study Work and Study: How to Find a Happy Medium? Home›Tips for Students›Work and Study: How to Find a Happy Medium? Tips for StudentsNowadays combining work and studying is the reality of almost every student. There is no doubt that it is rather exhausting and hard. Anyway, it is possible to combine both without harm to your health. Many people have a full-time job and study when they have free time or quite the opposite â€" they work at their free time. Some people even have a family. If you need some useful tips from QualityCustomEssays.com on how to deal with all this spheres without ruining yourself, keep on reading…Inform your professor about your job. If you have difficulties with combining your work with the process of studying, let your professor know about the situation. This might inspire the latter to offer you flexibility regarding the deadlines of your course paper, essay, etc. We are all humans after all.Ask your family to give you a hand. Work, study and household du ties can be too much. That is the reason why it is worth to ask your relatives to help you. Save your time on washing and cleaning and spend it on more important things like studying. In case if you are single, ask your friends to help you!Study at work. If you have some free time at work, make advantage of it. Instead of chatting about your new girlfriend or your boss, focus on your subjects. Read something and write something down. Your lunch br?ak is ideal for this. If you are a commuter, spend the time on the way reading.Do not take on too much. If you study too much while you are working, it will not do you any good â€" you won’t do anything right. Chose your priorities and focus on them. Leave less important things for later. If you are a person that finds it difficult to refuse a request, you have to learn to say NO. Remember that every employee has his or her own responsibilities.Be ahead with your studies. Whenever it is possible, do some of your assignments in advance. R emember that there can be busy periods at work and you might stay late. You will not have a possibility to do your homework. This is one of the most efficient methods to combine your job with your studies without exhaustion. Say NO to stress! Keep in mind that our service is also able to help you in coping with your studies, namely academic writing assignments. Our highly qualified writers will help you with any kind of academic papers.Make sacrifices for your studies. When you combine studying and work, it is difficult to carve out some time for your hobbies. Anyway, it is normal to sacrifice something for the sake of your studying. Of course, you need some time for leisure, but opt for going for a walk rather than visiting an all night long party. Sacrificing is tough, but it is rewarding.

Essay about Emily Dickinson and Interpretations of Her...

Emily Dickinson and Interpretations of Her Poetry During Emily Dickinson’s fifty-six years she was able to produce many complex poems that contained deeply hidden meanings. When I consider the life she lived, this is not surprising to me. She was not only talented, but she also was born into a family and time that would provide much of her inspiration. Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born into the Dickinson family on December 10, 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts. Her parents, Edward and Emily Norcross Dickinson, were strict and cold like the Puritan religion they upheld. Her father even went as far as to censor the books Emily read so she wouldn’t be lead astray from Puritanism. As a young girl she was expected to embrace the beliefs†¦show more content†¦Many of her death poems were representations of how repressive Emily felt her life and culture to be. As a woman in the 1800’s she felt like she was being held down and that she was not being allowed to live the life that she wanted to live. She never had the chance to grasp onto a loving relationship while she was alive, and ended up dying on May 15, 1886 in the isolation of the same room she had confined herself to for years. It is those poems about death that I would like to discuss here, and I’ll begin by trying to explain poem #335. Poem #335 In the first stanza of this poem Emily explains that it’s not dying that hurts people so, but it’s living that hurts us more. In these first two lines she’s actually addressing her life as a woman in the 19th century. To her, being alive was almost worse than being dead because of the way that women were repressed and because of the way in which she was forced to hold her feelings for touch and a romantic relationship inside of herself. The world during her time was wound up in industrialization, power, and money, and it had little to offer her. She felt death would be better than life because she was unable to satisfy her own desires while living. The third and fourth lines of the first stanza refer to dying as a different way that occurs behind a door. In these two lines Emily is describing how trapped she felt within the New England culture in which she lived and theShow MoreRelatedEmily Dickinson : The Point When A Reader1749 Words   |  7 PagesKnoernschild November 27, 2015 Emily Dickinson At the point when a reader hears the name Emily Dickinson, they consider a female who composed verse that has been surely understood for a considerable length of time and years. Much to their dismay that Emily Dickinson established American Literature, and began an entire unrest of verse. The procedure Dickinson used to keep in touch with her verse was at no other time seen and was the foundation of her compositions. Major themes, FigurativeRead MoreEmily Dickinson s `` Because I Could Not Stop For Death `` Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesModernism for Emily Dickinson has to do with the uncertainty. Emily Dickinson was a somber thinker who doesn’t try to enlighten anyone of anything. Her poems were uniquely written and she wrote about the uncertainty, which makes her poetry easy to empathize with in the 21st century. The 21st century, is a period of science which is used as a tool to make sense of the uncertainty. Emily Dickinson uses her poetry as a means to question and obs erve the trauma of human existence. For instance, she doesn’tRead MoreThe Works of Emily Dickinson726 Words   |  3 Pages Emily Dickinson’s writing reflects the Realistic period through personal themes: death, isolation, God, marriage, women in society, and love. Dickinson’s writing is affected by numerous factors. Among these are her family, the Realism period, and her life experiences. Emily Dickinson herself was a sort of mystery. Emily Dickinson’s background had a profound effect on her writing. Family always plays an important role in the upbringing of an individual. Her grandfather had a prominent position inRead MoreSymbolism in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry918 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry Kevin Hardy Jr. English 215 Dr. Maxwell Poems have many different interpretations, but let it be known that different people could see poems in many different ways. In Emily Dickinson’s poetry, she uses interpretations that refer back to mortality because of her past experiences throughout life that influenced her to write. But, there are other hidden facts that you would be able to see Dickinson’s poems, she uses symbolism of immortality, death, sorrowRead MoreSome Keep the Sabbath Going to Church931 Words   |  4 PagesMegan McCullough Briejer English 101 15 April 2013 Emily Dickinson â€Å"Some Keep the Sabbath Going To Church† In the poem â€Å"Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church,† Emily Dickinson expresses the feeling that everybody practices their faith and religion in a different way. The narrator of this poem portrays the idea of self practice. Being able to completely understand and interpret the meaning of this piece of poetry was not a short and simple process. When first reading â€Å"Some Keep the SabbathRead More A Comparison of the Poetry of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost1062 Words   |  5 PagesThe Poetry of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost The poetry of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost contains similar themes and ideas. Both poets attempt to romanticize nature and both speak of death and loneliness. Although they were more than fifty years apart, these two seem to be kindred spirits, poetically speaking. Both focus on the power of nature, death, and loneliness. The main way in which these two differ is in their differing use of tone. The power of nature is a recurring themeRead MoreEssay on Emily Dickinson: Untitled, Unregulated, and Unchained942 Words   |  4 PagesYou know her name. You’ve seen it following quoted lines of poetry; printed on greeting cards, cross-stitched and framed on your grandmother’s bathroom wall, and engraved into silver lockets. Regarded as one of the greatest American poets, you are no stranger to her work. You know her name. Say it. Emily Dickinson. And boy, was she a wierdo! †¦admittedly, most geniuses are. Emily Dickinson dedicated most of her privileged, reclusive life to her art. She employed a brilliance for lyricism, unconventionalRead More Literary Analysis of Emily Dickinsons Poetry Essays1053 Words   |  5 PagesLiterary Analysis of Emily Dickinsons Poetry   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emily Dickinson is one of the most famous authors in American History, and a good amount of that can be attributed to her uniqueness in writing. In Emily Dickinsons poem Because I could not stop for Death, she characterizes her overarching theme of Death differently than it is usually described through the poetic devices of irony, imagery, symbolism, and word choice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emily Dickinson likes to use many different forms of poetic devicesRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Poem, A Fairer House Of Poetry905 Words   |  4 PagesPoetry Explication Poetry has the ability to expand minds and put its reader in touch with the world around them. Emily Dickinson attempts to convey the power of poetry in her poem I Dwell in Possibility. She pours her passionate feelings about poetry into this poem and drives her point home with a comparison to prose. Using language, structure, and symbolism, Emily Dickinson’s I Dwell in Possibility effectively articulates how poetry can broaden horizons and provide an escape from the mundaneRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Poetry And Poetry1312 Words   |  6 PagesEmily Dickinson’s poems â€Å"They shut me up in Prose† and â€Å"I Dwell in Possibility† on the surface may seem similar, both having the same structure, three-four lined stanzas, and punctuation. However, they convey different messages. Typically Dickinson writes dark, meditative and defiant toned poems about death, gender and poetry itself, often challenging social beliefs and traditions. Each poem sticks to th ese pre-modernist views and styles, but place the emphasis on different aspects of her common

Essay about Away by Michael Gow - 1387 Words

Away Set in the Australian summer of 1967, Michael Gow’s Away is an elaborate play which explores the ideas of self- discovery and change. Through the war affected nation, three families, each from different social classes, depart on an iconic Australian holiday to the beach. In the play, Gow utilises the characters to demonstrate that going away physically is intrinsically linked to their mental developments. With the help of references to Shakespeare’s A Midsummer night’s Dream, Away uses Gwen and Coral to show the significant psychological changes made by the characters during holidays to the coast. Tom throughout the play acts as a catalyst for the change in other characters and is associated with Puck in A Midsummer Night’s Dream.†¦show more content†¦During this scene, Gwen realises how easily possessions are lost, thus readjusting her views on what is truly important in life. By using the storm as one of the main turning points for Gwen, Gow ex plores the power of nature in solving problems and, in this case, it as being a power to ‘wash away’ Gwen’s issues. The representation of the four campers as the pixies in A Midsummer Night’s Dream and referring the storm to the scene where the all the mayhem caused by Puck is occurring is an ingenious link to the famous Shakespearian play. The intertextuality references help the audience relate to well-known plays and receive a deeper meaning of Away. The Mendelssohn music sets the mood of the scene and gives the audience a hint of the events coming. After talking with Vic, Gwen completes her transformation and loses her difficult, aggressive personality. She becomes an understanding and compassionate mother and is reflected by her conversation with Jim, which she says ‘What do you think of me? You must hate me? Why do you still bother? I’m sorry...’ (p46). The power of Tom’s influence on Gwen is the most prominent in this scen e, when Gwen talks with Vic and realises his condition. Here, Gwen opens her mind to the world and finds out that life is precious and easily lost, that people need to enjoy every moment in it. Gwen realises that she has been too selfish andShow MoreRelatedAway by Michael Gow857 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Gow’s play Away is the story of three different Australian families who go on holiday for Christmas in the sixties. By going away each family is hoping to resolve their issues. Although Away is set some time ago the themes and issues explored in the play are still relevant to a modern day audience, even one of a non-Australian background. Shakespearean plays that were written many hundreds of years ago and are still understandable and relevant to people all over the world today. AwayRead MoreAnalysis Of Away By Michael Gow925 Words   |  4 PagesIn Michael Gow’s play ‘Away’, a story of families in the 1960’s and how they come to embrace each other’s differences through gaining self-knowledge. Through identifying the context of act 3 scene 2, as well as the relationships between characters and the reasons behind them, as well as the stylistic devices used by Gow to share a message with his audiences that, even today, an audience can relate too. By analysing quotes from the scene to support conclusions, the purpose of this scene will be identifiedRead MoreAnalysis Of Away By Michael Gow751 Words   |  4 PagesAWAY Michael Gow â€Å"Away† is a play written in 1988 by Michael Gow. Away refers to the central ideas of Australia in 1967-68. The central ideas embrace the outsiders, family conflicts and grief and loss which affected families in the play. Gow uses three main families to convey the message of the play. The use of language and stylistic devices influence the way Gow has been able to speak to the modern Australian audience. In the play â€Å"Away† Gow is able to speak to the modern Australian audience withRead MoreAway Michael Gow Analysis808 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-discoveries can affirm or challenge an individual’s previously held attitude through acceptance contributing to a change in perception of self and the world. This notion is explored in Michael Gow’s play â€Å"Away† where three fractured families go on transformative holiday as they experience discoveries about themselves and others. Self-discovery of a certain individual can stimulate modification f or others’ perception and lead them to a more prominent discovery. Similarly, the poem: â€Å"the core†Read MoreAnalysis Of Away By Michael Gow883 Words   |  4 PagesAway is a play written by Michael Gow in 1986. It took him three weeks to write and it had little editing, as there was no complex writing involved. Gow admired Shakespeare’s refusal to be literal and so this was adapted into his play. ‘Despite its historical setting, Away is still able to speak to modern Australian audiences.’ This statement holds a lot of truth, as the play shows family conflict in three separate families, grief and loss in two different stages and people who are seen as differentRead MoreDiscovery Essay on Away Michael Gow923 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"To discover is to gain sight or knowledge of something.† How have ideas about discovery been shown in Away and The Book Thief Discovery allows main characters to gain sight or knowledge into themselves and others. This is evident in Michael Gow’s Away, as seen through the characters of Gwen, Coral and Tom. The three gain sight and knowledge into theirRead MoreAway by Michael Gow Character Analysis Essay2386 Words   |  10 Pagesis supported by her husband Roy, but Roy is not the best supporter at times. Coral is quiet and hasn’t built many strong relationships with others as others are trying to with her ‘Did you enjoy the play? [Coral stares at her for a moment then looks away’.] Roy: Roy is the principal at Meg and Tom’s school. He is a very well-spoken man who seems to be quite successful. â€Å"So what do you think of our little Chips Rafferties, eh? Proud mums and dads?† He’s married to his wife Coral who is a very mysteriousRead MoreAway by Michael Gow: Character Analysis Essay examples684 Words   |  3 Pagesattitude and this causes Coral to lower herself to the behavior of a naà ¯ve child â€Å"I’ll be good! I’ll improve!† When Coral does begin to speak, it is presented as very expressive and mournful. Her tone is filled with emotion as she is constantly â€Å"wiping away tears†. Coral finally begins to socialize, with a woman named Leonie. She seems instigated by the fact that Leonie (the woman) appeared to be hiding something. Leonie (like Roy) attempts to conceal her distress with a social disguise. Whilst dismissingRead Moreessay on preliminary topic journey847 Words   |  4 Pagesfound. Through Michael Gow’s ‘Away’ and ‘The Blind Side’ produced by John Lee Hancock, applications of both dramatic and film techniques allow the responder to see the direct impacts a journey puts on the traveller, either physically, emotionally or spiritually. We see this through bald transformations in the characters of both texts when they part take on a physical travel that takes them on an internal journey to discover a renewed inner purpose. In Michael Gow’s play â€Å"Away† Coral’s, physicalRead MoreBelonging Essay1446 Words   |  6 Pagesare clear divisions in him not belonging. The related texts reviewed include ‘The Arrival’ (Shaun Tan, 2006) graphic novel which illustrates a visual story of an immigrant who leaves home to create a better life for his family and the play ‘Away’ (Michael Gow, 1993). Thus it may be ascertained, that belonging defines who we are. In the poem of ‘Feliks Skrzyneckis’ Peter Skrzynecki explores filial relationships. This issue is highlighted between Feliks and Peter Skrzynecki, a cultural barrier

A Change Is as Good as a Holiday. Free Essays

‘’A change is as good as a holiday†¦ really? ’’ According to my personal experience a change is better than a holiday. I changed my life by moving to another country, the UK, where I can create something and develop my life, unlike going on holiday for a short period of time and returning to do the same thing again. During my time in Iraq I enjoyed spending time with my family and I was happy as a clown. We will write a custom essay sample on A Change Is as Good as a Holiday. or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, on April the 9th 2003 USA had a master plan to invade Iraq, as a child I was scared due to my parents clearly being worried; this made me anxious I was so terrified and shaken like an electric tooth brush. It was like I had adrenalin rush, I couldn’t sleep – I was alive with fear. As the army entered the city of Baghdad, Iraq†¦ The sky was red like blazing flames and I could hear the bullets shoot through my ears like thunder. The gun powder rushed into my nose from the chimney from the fire place in the comfort of my own home. There were so many reasons why I had left my country with my family, and one of them was the war. However I’ve been through the hard times and I could’ve just stayed. Not knowing what my destiny would be but as a family we made the decision of leaving. We all agreed that if we left Iraq then we could all have a better life and could continue with our education to have the best life possible. Who wants to leave their home town? Obviously it was a struggle and to look back and leave behind everything and everyone I know: The home I grew in for 11 years and the place where my childhood was full with amazing memories. On the way to the airport I felt miserable; I was reluctant to get on the plane. I hesitated to step forward, however a decision has been made and I had no choice apart from getting on the plane as I knew that my dad was at the other end of the journey. The dream came true! My first step out of the plane towards success, I continued walking through the tunnel to see my dad for the first time in a year. I was bursting with joy to see my father; I was pumped with energy full of happiness: I couldn’t express my feelings so I just hugged him, and my heart was finally relieved. The family and I were on the way out of the airport, into to the car that my dad bought which was blue like the Circassian sea, and we were on the way to the house in Neasdon, London. When I was in the car whilst my dad was driving, I was scared; I didn’t know anyone or the language they spoke. The weather was dull; the clouds were grey and the dark streets. It was due to rain my dad said. I couldn’t play the sport I loved; swimming was my favourite sport back home. There was indoor swimming but it wasn’t the same. I couldn’t even go to my own back garden to do anything, and it was full of mud. A week after I arrived it had snowed, for the first time in my life I saw little white flakes falling from the sky, like a blessing from god. I wanted to go out, but I had a cold and I wasn’t even used to this miserable demotivating weather. Back in Iraq it was blazing hot nearly every day of the year. Every day it was a staggering 50 degrees Celsius like the Saharan desert. As I started school I felt the effects of the change, I didn’t know whether it would be for the better or worse; however I knew I was going to achieve something great, and become a role model to inspire my brother as he was young and needed someone to look up to besides my dad. I feel a little safer nowadays due to people being nice, although there are those occasional racist remarks people give. But altogether the people all colours, races and nationalities are not as I expected; there are mixed cultures and religions -they did not shun me they welcomed me to the area and country; even though they did not know where I was from, who I am, or what I do. Till this day the dream of a better life still lives on. Change instead of a holiday can be good in some circumstances such as mine. For me my safety was more important so I had to leave. Sometimes freedom and safety are something a holiday can’t give. How to cite A Change Is as Good as a Holiday., Papers

The Women of Sparta free essay sample

Sparta was cut off from the rest of Greece by high mountains and wild country sides, there for Spartans developed their own ideas of society and government. A domineering society that focused upon its military strength, Sparta did not allow its citizens the lenient lifestyle of Athenians. The ideology of Sparta was oriented around the state. The individual lived (and died) for the state. Their lives were designed to serve the state from their beginning to the age of sixty. Womens lives were similar in many parts of ancient Greece, but the Greeks themselves singled out the city state of Sparta as being greatly different. The women of Sparta were granted an equal stake in the success or failure of their state. With their fathers and husbands constantly away training or at war, the women of Sparta were responsible for all else in Spartan society. We will write a custom essay sample on The Women of Sparta or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Individual families headed by a husband were insignificant in Spartan society. Instead, the state laid down rules for everyone. Boys were sent away from home at around the age of seven to be trained as soldiers where they lived in army barracks until they were around 30 years old, even then, the men might have been absent for months, fighting in battles. This resulted in the Spartan women having to be very self dependent, they had to manage households all alone. Unlike other Greek women, Spartan women could own land and property and make all decisions on how it was to be run. â€Å"‘When a woman from Attica asked ‘Why is it that you Spartans are the only women who can rule men? Gorgo replied, ‘Because we are the only ones who give birth to men. ’† (Plutarch, Sayings of Spartan Women, 240. 5 translated in Pomeroy, 2002, 60) â€Å"‘The licence of the Lacedaemonian women defeats the intention of the Spartan constitution, and is adverse to good order of the State. For a husband and a wife, being each a part of every family, the state may be considered as about equally divide d into men and women; and, therefore, in those states in which the condition of the woman is bad, half the city may be regarded as having no laws. And this is what has actually happened at Sparta; the legislator wanted to make the whole state hardy and temperate, and he has carried out his intention in the case of the men, but he has neglected the women, who live in every sort of intemperance and luxury. The consequence is that in such a state wealth is too highly valued, especially if the citizens fall under the dominion of their wives†¦the influence of the Lacedaemonian women has been most mischievous†¦when Lycurgus, as tradition says, wanted to bring the women under his laws, they resisted, and he gave up the attempt. They, and not he, are to blame for what then happened, and this defect in the constitution is clearly to be attributed to them. We are not, however, considering what is or is not to be excused, but what is right or wrong, and the disorder of the women†¦not only of itself gives an air of indecorum to the state, but tends in a measure to foster avarice. ’† (Aristotle, Politics, 1269b12 translated in Lefkowitz and Fant, 1982, 39-40) â€Å"‘The mention of avarice naturally suggests a criticism of the inequality of property. While some of the Spartan citizens have quite small properties, others have very large ones; hence the land has passed into the hands of a few. And here is another fault in their laws; for, although the legislator rightly holds up to shame the sale or purchase of an inheritance, he allows anybody who likes to give and bequeath it. Yet both practices lead to the same result. And nearly two-fifths of the whole country are held by women; this is owing to the number of heiresses and to the large dowries which are customary. It would surely have been better to have given no dowries at all, or, if any, but small or moderate ones†¦Hence, although the country is able to maintain 1,500 cavalry and 30,000 hoplites, the whole number of Spartans citizens fell below1,000†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Aristotle, Politics, 1270a15 translated in Lefkowitz and Fant, 1982, 40) When Spartan girl turned six or seven, they were sent to school where they were taught how to wrestle, as well as perform gymnastics. They were also schooled on the ins and outs of combat, developing skills that could be quite useful if the time came. Boys and girls had their separate physical training, and could be seen naked at their exercises and games. †- Victor Ehrenberg Solon to Socrates, 1967 When historians take a closer look at the schooling during this ancient period of time, many theories were established where the belief that the boys and girls schooling were not that different developed. Some believe that the girls were traine d just as hard as the boys. The reason why the Spartan women did not pass the time learning how to sew and cook a full-course meal was because , the Spartan women were expected to be strong. It was thought that a strong woman would be able to produce strong, healthy offspring. â€Å"‘†¦Lycurgus, rather, showed all possible concern for them too. First he toughened the girls physically by making them run and wrestle and throw the discus and javelin. Thereby their children in embryo would make a strong start in strong bodies and would develop better, while the women themselves would also bear their pregnancies with vigor and would meet the challenge of childbirth in a successful, relaxed way. He did away with prudery, sheltered upbringing, and effeminacy of any kind. He made young girls no less than young men grow used to walking nude in processions, as well as to dancing and signing at certain festivals with the young men present and looking on. On some occasions the girls would make fund of each of the young men, helpfully criticizing their mistakes. On other occasions they would rehearse in song the praises which they had composed about those meriting them, so that they filled the youngsters with great sense of ambition and rivalry†¦There was nothing disreputable about the girls’ nudity. It was altogether modest, and there was not hint of immorality. Instead it encouraged simple habits and an enthusiasm for physical fitness, as well as giving the female sex a taste of masculine gallantry, since it too was granted equal participation in both excellence and ambition. As a result the women came to talk as well as to think†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (Plutarch, 2nd century A. D. , Life of Lycurgus 14. 1-4 translation in Fantham, 1994, 62) Marriages were generally arranged between families; however, the bride and groom often knew each other. The average age for Spartan women to marry was age eighteen and was in keeping with the Spartan philosophy that maturity was essential to producing healthy and robust offspring. In preparation of the marriage, the bride was dressed like a young male with hair cropped short possibly to denote the transition in the female’s role in Spartan society. The marriage was consummated during a symbolic abduction of the bride. After marriage, the bride continued to live in her own home usually until her first pregnancy and the groom lived in the men’s communal barracks until he attained age thirty. Before the husband could live openly with his wife, the couple arranged secret meetings for the purpose of having sexual intercourse. In Spartan society, marriage was primarily for the purpose of producing healthy offspring for the state. Xenophon and Plutarch reported that Spartan husbands often shared their wives with another man in order to produce more children. It was considered acceptable for an older man with a young wife to grant permission for a younger man to have sexual intercourse with her as a means of begetting more physically fit children. In addition, a Spartan man, who wanted children but did not want to enter into a marriage arrangement, could request permission of a woman’s husband to share her sexually. There is no indication that the Spartan women objected to such arrangements; and, since many Spartan women owned land as well as managed the household, they may have seen it as an opportunity to supervise a second household; and, after all, a married woman’s duty in Spartan society was to beget and rear strong children for the state. Regardless of the motivations, it does appears that some ancient historians like Plutarch saw these Spartan customs being the reason adultery, illegitimacy and prostitution did not exist in Sparta. â€Å"the men of Sparta always did what their wives told them, and let women take part in public affairs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Plutarch Motherhood was of primary importance for Spartan women. For much of its five hundred year history, Sparta was at war, therefore, in this â€Å"militaristic† society, it was a woman’s duty to bear and rear healthy children in particular strong and brave sons to serve in the Spartan army. The woman’s role in Spartan society was viewed by the state as equal in importance to that of a man’s. So important was the role of motherhood that mothers with numerous sons were afforded special status and those dieing in childbirth were the only women for whom markers were placed on their graves. As a result of the men in Spartan society generally being absent from the home in the early years of marriage and because of their military occupation, the care of children was for the most part left in the hands of the mother. Since girls remained at home until their marriages, they may have had more opportunity for contact with their fathers especially if their fathers were older. As boys resided at home only until age seven, contact with their fathers would have been rare. Therefore any emotional bonds that children may have formed during their early years would have mainly been with theirs mothers. Mothers encouraged bravery in their sons and did not tolerate cowardice in battle, neither did they mourn the loss of their sons in war. They took pride in the fact that their sons died defending Sparta and were known to kill their sons who had displayed signs of fear during battle. â€Å"Because Damatria heard that her son was a coward and not worthy of her, she killed him when he arrived. This is the epigram about her: His mother killed Damatrius who broke, the laws, She a Spartan lady, he a Spartan Youth. † (Plutarch, Sayings of Spartan Women, 240. f2) â€Å"’As a woman was burying her son, a shabby old woman came up to her and said, ‘You poor woman, what a misfortune! ‘No, by the two goddesses, what a good fortune,’ she replied, ‘because I bore him so that he might die for Sparta, and that is what has happened for me. ’† (Plutarch, Sayings of Spartan Women, 241. 8) By contrast, Spartan women lived in a closed society that, although militaristic, was basically patriarchal. In ancient Sparta women may have dominated their households and owned much of the private p roperty as well as being wealthy in their own right; however, there is no indication that, other than being permitted to freely and publicly comment on political matters, they had any governmental authority. Although they were considered to have had significant influence and control over their men folk, this appears to have been more in the domestic and economic arena as a result of inheritance customs, the frequent but not total absence of their husbands, and an educational system that emphasized their role in Spartan society. Unlike the Amazons, the primary function of Spartan women was to produce strong children for the state in particular warrior sons – not warrior daughters – and their physical education and training was to enhance their ability to create strong children and to withstand childbirth not to create a female warrior society. The short skimpy tunics worn by Spartan women may have resembled those outfights depicted in ancient art as worn by Amazons; however, there is no mention of the physical mutilation of Spartan females. Spartan women honoured goddesses like Artemis and Hera in ritualistic religious and athletic performances as it related to their roles as fertility and marital deities. Outside Sparta, Spartan women were looked upon as being rather immoral as a result of the wife-sharing custom, to bold and outspoken and, in general, criticized for not being the traditionally subservient female.